Unfortunately, that really isnt a fault of ASUS.
The drives used vary from Toshiba, WD, HGST, Seagate etc.
If your drives SMART status was bad, they'll have replaced the HDD with a completely new one.
If this one has gone bad too then it isnt ASUS's fault, its simply bad luck on your part that the drive they installed has become faulty.
ASUS wont allow any RMA to leave a service facility without performing a full diagnostic test on the drive, whereby even a quick test would consist of a SMART status check, read OD and write MB test to check that the sectors are all okay and theres no irregularity on the platter.
Only once the drive has passed this test will it be cleared would it be cleared as a serviceable unit. This is the same for any manufacturer that uses an in-house diagnostic test.
I would advise that if you dont wish this to happen again, and are still under warranty then have the unit RMA'd again, have the HDD replaced under warranty again and then go out and purchase an NVME drive if your model allows for that expansion. If it does, simply install the NVME and grab a windows build iso from microsofts website and an OEM key off of ebay. This should last longer or certainly instill more confidence in your unit lasting longer than relying on the cheaper 2.5" hdd's ASUS use.