Too many appliances plugged into the same circuit in your home.
This could actually be a serious issue - I mean a fire hazard - if the oven can affect other things. The oven is always supposed to have its own breaker.
But sudden power loss events like this won't affect a PC much, unless they occur frequently.
Windows will complain a little at first reboot. Volatile state data (like the active refresh setting on your monitor) might be lost, but it's usually easy to restore back to preferred settings. The computer and monitor are not damaged just because they "forget" the user settings when power is reasserted.
If this worries you, especially if it happens often, then you should buy a battery UPS for your system. It doesn't even need to be huge and mighty (and expensive), only good enough to provide a few minutes power so you can gracefully shutdown the system when needed.
And you might want a qualified electrician to check your home wiring.
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